There was a very recent "bug" in Search where the site: operator stopped working for a little bit and everybody in the OSINT community had a bit of a meltdown - https://www.digitaldigging.org/p/search-alert-google-filetyp...

The date operators from: to: I think have been unsupported for a while and replaced with a dropdown in the UI

filetype: is a fave and has been working for as long as I can remember

AROUND(number) is pretty useful too although I find that might be a bit buggy sometimes

There is a good list here https://www.exploit-db.com/google-hacking-database showing how dorks can be used for pentesting and/or generally finding insecure stuff