What you are proposing isn't feasible from an engineering perspective. This isn't like putting a guard rail up.

To make damage from collisions "impossible" you'd have to build embankments up so high that the bridge would effectively be sitting on solid ground the entire way across and no ships could pass anywhere.

Sure, there are ways to mitigate collisions and the new bridge they build will no doubt be more resilient, but it's not realistic to completely eliminate such risk.