I don't think that's the case. The main gas imports come from the US, with the rest coming from Africa. This is why we don't need to follow the general EU rules regarding gas pricing [1].

BlackRock is indeed problematic and housing is a significant issue. However, I don't believe that house renting impacts the GDP. Construction does.

The current Spanish administration can hardly be considered neoliberal. Although the main party in the coalition is positioned in the center (progressive in all aspects except the economy), they share the government with a strongly left-leaning party, by European standards, I mean.

I'm not certain about the exact reasons, but I suspect it's related to the relatively low energy prices [2] (compared to the rest of the continent, except Portugal), and a social shield that helped protect families' income during the pandemic. This shield enabled them to continue consuming goods, even amidst higher inflation.

[1] https://www.cnmc.es/prensa/informe-mayorista-gas-europa-2023...

[2] https://www.lavanguardia.com/economia/20220326/8155123/excep...

edit: corrected format and typos.