The rich person life back in the day was having personal tutors at a young age teaching you Latin, Greek, rhetoric, mathematics, music, and so on. Then if you were really good you'd just work on whatever problems you fancied, while the rest of the family probably took care of the fortune. That's my very limited understanding for how it worked for some anyway. They would correspond with other scientists, but mostly focus on their work. There's some advantage to the university system, but the administrative beauracracy is intense. Writing government grants or proposals and so on is an enormous time suck. If you didn't need money, you could focus 100% on whatever you want.
> Working independently, Wolfram published a widely cited paper on heavy quark production at age 18 and nine other papers. Wolfram's work with Geoffrey C. Fox on the theory of the strong interaction is still used in experimental particle physics.
And: > In 1983, Wolfram left for the School of Natural Sciences of the Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) in Princeton.
As I understand, IAS is all about fundamental physics research.That doesn’t make sense. PhD salaries in most places can barely support one person , if that.