(Title insurance is where you must buy insurance when buying a house to guard against the risk that the house may have unknown liabilities or owners)
It doesn't exist in Sweden either, because the ownership of houses is in a central register. You can't make a claim against a house if it is not registered.
Funnily enough, there's no such register for condos in Sweden. So you can end up with a nasty surprise if it turns out you bought a condo that there were unknown bank loans against. But it doesn't happen often enough that there is title insurance against it.