Well sure. It's also why I use an external audio interface on my desktop, since the 3.5mm jack in my desktop's motherboard is noisy and glitchy. For convenience on the go I prefer USB-C headphones (for casual listening I don't care as much) but you can just as easily swap that out for a USB-C DAC, into which you plug your analog headphones of choice.
The point is, the handset's output over USB-C is digital! You're not stuck with whatever analog components it includes (or doesn't), those can be swapped out pretty easily.