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Yeah Vietnam has a GDP of $408.8 Billion, a fraud of this magnitude is probably tantamount to treason.

It was over 11 years, so you'd compare to the GDP for the last 11 years.

Still huge, but not ~7% of GDP huge.

It was closer to ~0.5% of GDP per year for 11 years.

This is probably typical in countries without really strong institutions. Vietnam isn't exactly a 3rd world country...

The amount of fraud going on in 3rd world countries (as a % of GDP) is mind boggling.