I believe this can be done with CT scans - they are already applied to non-destructively learn more about known fossils.
Routinely scanning random chunks of stone would be prohibitively expensive, of course.
Routinely scanning random chunks of stone would be prohibitively expensive, of course.
A number of quarries already automate the slicing and "inspect" surfaces for defects via computer vision.
The trick is pattern recognition to catch things of interest so that if required the raw slices can be retrieved before they're shipped.
It's destructive tomography .. with an option to digitally reconstruct a solid, or even to physically rejoin slices.
How about neutrino imaging? (I thought I was joking, but... https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-018-0319-1)