If you step in a pile of dog doo, that's evidence there's a dog. Now just point your camera at it...
But if you suspect it’s a planet, you know it’s in orbit around the sun. Feels like something we can track.
Our planets' orbit do tend to be somehow aligned, so you could make the (possibly wrong) assumption that the 9th planet is also somehow aligned. This might reduce the search space by 50%+.... but even then you'd still be several orders of magnitude off by the precision needed to go looking for it.