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It's a layer on top of PyTorch, and it has code to translate PyTorch models into MLX.

So, is CoreNet the equivalent of Keras, whereas MLX is the Jax/PyTorch equivalent?

Sounds reasonable. Apple writes the following about MLX: "The design of MLX is inspired by frameworks like NumPy, PyTorch, Jax, and ArrayFire."

Not quite. The closest equivalent would be something like fairseq. It's config (yaml) driven.