How can we do the same in the US? I would love to take bicycle trips but that means having to share the lane with monster pickups and distracted SUV drivers.
"Build it and they will come"
The reason that cycling isn't that popular is because being chaotically mixed in with vehicle traffic makes it a dangerous activity, and people unsurprisingly avoid dangerous activities.
Creating separated AAA "All Ages and Abilities" bicycle lanes makes cycling safe and so then people feel encouraged to bicycle for whatever daily chores it makes sense to cycle for.
Driving a car in Paris is also a nightmare so there's that additional motivator there.
So the common problem that holds back many cities is that you might have one or two AAA bike lanes, but then after that you're thrown back into the dangerous mix of traffic again.
Accordingly cycling growth will be limited outside of the narrow corridors where the best AAA bike lanes exist.
What doesn't work is taking an existing car-centric city and making it more annoying for cars. That doesn't shrink the distances for bikes or encourage growth around a focal point. Paris wasn't built around cars, though.
It may not work alone, but it's an important part of the process. Both the Netherlands and more recently Paris have found that carrot-only approaches don't work, you have to be prepared to make private car use worse, because otherwise most of the time a private car wins for the individual even as it causes a tragedy of the commons in terms of congestion.
It's like a crystal; you need a seed, not just saturation.
Amsterdam was very car-centric in the 70s [0][1][2] even if the city was not built for cars. Over the decades it was reclaimed from cars and back into a pedestrian-friendly city, taking space/lanes away from cars to build cycling infrastructure, better separation between traffic (enlarged sidewalks in major streets, separate bike lanes, raised sidewalks for pedestrians on intersections, etc.).
American cities have a lot more space to be taken away from cars, instead of stroads you could have bike lanes with pedestrian boulevards with vegetation/trees as separation from traffic, better public transportation with trams and busses on the same streets as cars to lower the speed, better connection to the transportation network for people coming from suburbs so they could switch to the cities' mass transportation; it's, to me, a very low hanging fruit on how to improve American cities urbanism but it takes political will and a change of culture, unfortunately I feel that the change of culture is the hardest part in the USA with its hyper-individualism.
[0] https://i.pinimg.com/736x/09/d4/9f/09d49fbe98e46797d45e8c177...
[1] https://international.fhwa.dot.gov/pubs/pl18004/index_files/...
Also, if you start with a small central area in an already dense city, you will find a lot more political support from residents and business-owners because there's a clear and immediate benefit to them. Rather than telling an entire city you're "fixing" their way of life and it'll take a long time to pay off.
Bikes are just not gonna work for low density suburbs since you’ll need to cycle for hours to get anywhere.