I worked in a Rails app in ~2018 & hunting down N+1s by sprinkling `includes` in just the right places was tedious, despite being a regular occurrence.

Since then I've been building Joist, which is written in TypeScript, and has dataloader integrated into every operation (even `find`s) to basically never N+1:

https://joist-orm.io/docs/goals/avoiding-n-plus-1s