Some places have existing employees interview for the job they want. They do this by making a 'packet'; a collection of documents proving things like business impact.
It's often put in front of a group of people with that job for review and they decide.
Normally, management, your peers, or the company as a whole are aware of your performance. They should be doing a lot of this for you, in my opinion.
It basically demands you do the job you want, before you have it. Some see this as fair, and I could agree, but not after 5+ years. I see it as a way to trick newcomers into overextending themselves.