Dan Luu's site [1] goes into a fair bit of detail on the disk side. I see no reason why you can't emulate a superset of the worst case behaviour, and have a great deal of confidence that you're using file access in a way that won't result in corruption.
Networks will have a similar long tail, e.g. asymmetric net splits.
The SQL version is a bit trickier, as the API is much wider. The abstraction I was working on was essentially that you get select, insert and update, and write anything more complicated yourself.
This works for replicating the skews and other phenomena described in DDIA [2], but it runs into the same core problem that you're simulating a model of your code, not your code itself. The best pathway for temporal fuzzing databases with production loads is probably at the network layer.
[1] https://danluu.com/file-consistency/ [2] https://www.amazon.com.au/Designing-Data-Intensive-Applicati...