Julia has a bunch of little niceties for mathematics:

* Prefixing a variable with a scaler will implicitly multiply, as in standard math notation (e.g. 3x would evaluate to 6 if x is 2)

* Lots of unicode support. Some feel almost gratuitous (∈ and ∉ are operators that work as you would expect) but it's pretty nice to have π predefined (it's even an irrational datatype) and to use √ as an operator (e.g. √2 is a valid expression and evaluates to a float). It's not just that Julia supports these constructions but provides a convenient way to get them to appear.

* This is a little less relevant for calculus but vectors and matrices are fist class types in Julia. Entering and visually parsing matrices is so much easier in Julia than in Python.

  m = [1 2 3;
       4 5 6;
       7 8 9]

vs.

  m = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]

Transposition is a single character operator ('). Dot product can be done with the dot operator (m ⋅ n). A\b works as it does in matlab.

* Julia supports broadcasting. It also has comprehensions but with broadcasting I personally find much less need for comprehensions.

* Rationals are built-in with very simple syntax (1//2))