* Historically the ceremonial consumption often included vomiting, and Europeans deduced that yaupon caused it (hence the Latin name - Ilex vomitoria).[11] The active ingredients, like those of the related yerba mate and guayusa plants, are caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline;[12][13] the vomiting may have resulted from the great quantities in which they drank the beverage, coupled with fasting.[6][14]*