(I really wish they followed the “standard” keyboard shortcut)
Unless, of course, you're willing to argue that a porn image stored on the local hard drive isn't contained in any folders on the same PC that soft-link it. You might have an interesting time trying to justify why it is contained in folders that hard-link it.
Sure, info about non-top-level links is extractable from e.g. request caches, but that's a different thing from the browser history SQLite DB.
Here is the URL of an image as it appears in your browser history: https://cheezburger.com/10357071872/if-i-fits-i-sits
See if you can figure out what image I was looking at.
Calling it the URL of an image seems to me like quite a bit of confusion about how web pages work.