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I have the naive feeling that early counting may have included 0 as a primitive right from the get-go. The need to say "nothing" seems pretty primal.

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"Nothing" as a concept always existed of course. But it wasn't considered a number, generally. Certainly no one counted "nothing, one, two", and even today natural language doesn't include "nothing" or some equivalent as a numeral noun.

You need to be careful about the phrase “considered a number” since I believe one, or unity, was also not considered a number by some ancient civilisation - i.e. a number was only multiple copies of unity.

[I believe this YouTube video goes into more detail in its discussion of why 1 was not considered Prime in the ancient world: https://youtu.be/R33RoMO6xeA]

That's where I'm quite skeptical. Imagine you are in charge of trade or rationing important village resources in the winter. It just seems to me almost necessary that people would have a way to symbolically indicate that all the sheep are gone. As opposed to just not having any symbol for that at all.

Zero entered western writing systems through India, with limited usage in math before that. It seems like it was invented/borrowed as part of switching from additive numbers (such as Roman numerals) to positional numbers.

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