That's the key...taxis are heavily regulated in the US, and the penalties are strict for overcharging customers, not using the meter, etc. The cost of taxi medallions in major cities is extremely high, so taxi operators take extreme caution not to get in trouble.
In countries I've been to where regulation is more lax, or where bribes are common to circumvent regulation (e.g. Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand), drivers were more likely to try to rip you off, like trying to charge you a flat rate that is double or triple what the meter would have been. In places I've been where regulation is more strict (US, Singapore, Hong Kong, Japan), taxi drivers have been more honest (e.g. insisting on using the meter, not trying to charge extra fees).
It tends to be the wealthier countries I've been to that are stricter with regulations.