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I have often heard it said that if we found a cure for cancer we would also get a cure for aging. The one immortal human I know is Henrietta Lacks (or her cancer rather).

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Fascinating.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrietta_Lacks

Amazingly, her immortal cell line was instrumental in polio eradication! https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeLa#Polio_eradication

I have heard that we age, primarily, to prevent ourselves from dying of cancer even faster than we already do.

Animals that don't really age like the lobster, giant tortoise, bowhead whale, elephant, etc - also get cancer much less than we do.

Is it known why/how those animals have reduced / negligible senescence? Like do they have some other variant of the AP-1 gene(s), or some such?

one factor is how many copies of the p53 tumor suppressor gene they have. larger animals (with more cells) tend to have more copies of p53. p53 causes cells to self-destruct if they go off-script. many cancers have p53 mutations to thwart this.

iirc senescence blocks damaged (potentially pre-cancerous) cells from reproducing, but unlike p53 doesn't kill them. replacing sensescent cells means more cell divisions, which also risks a cancerous mutation. so reducing senescence probably means making p53 more sensitive and redundant.

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