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Well, I think you're both right. It's satisfying as heck to sling 74xx chips together and you get a feel for the electrical side of things and internal tradeoffs.

When you get to doing that for the CPU that you want to do meaningful work with, you start to lose interest in that detail. Then the complexities of the behavior and spec become interesting and the emulator approach is more tractable, can cover more types of behavior.

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I think trollied is correct actually. I work on a CPU emulator professionally and while it gives you a great understanding of the spec there are lots of details about why the spec is the way it is that are due to how you actually implement the microarchitecture. You only learn that stuff by actually implementing a microarchitecture.

Emulators tend not to have many features that you find in real chips, e.g. caches, speculative execution, out-of-order execution, branch predictors, pipelining, etc.

This isn't "the electrical side of things". When he said "gate level" he meant RTL (SystemVerilog/VHDL) which is pretty much entirely in the digital domain; you very rarely need to worry about actual electricity.

I write retro console emulators for fun, so agree with you 100% :)

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