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NT is still the name of the kernel. (ntoskrnl.exe)

I wonder if that is still true for Azure OS.

Kind of,

https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/windows-os-platform-b...

However plenty of Azure infrastructure uses Linux as well,

https://github.com/microsoft/azurelinux

https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/blog/sonic-the-networking-...

The marketing and front-facing name clearly died. The internal name did not.

I think XP is when the DOS based Win95/98/ME was merged with NT

The Win95 line wasn't really merged, more discontinued. XP had improved DOS/legacy compatibility vs win2000 but not much.

It was never merged. The DOS-based Windows series was just replaced.

Windows 2000 could have just as easily been the OS that replaced the DOS-based Windows series, it was user-friendly and functional enough.

Much of that pre-2000 code remains. But so much more has been added in the last 1/4 century that "the same codebase" is somewhat a matter of perspective.