When I was working for Microsoft China, we had cases where a Chinese restaurant in Bellevue would go after Chinese coworkers visiting the states because ICBC AmEx didn’t offer the same fraud protection as an American or European sourced AmEx (then they would use the numbers somewhere else and create bogus charges). Countries have different rules and protections, and China puts the burden on the cardholder proving fraud took place (rather than the merchant that fraud didn’t take place).