I think the first part -- what I've learned in school has given me a good foundation to programming, but I'm not sure how to take functional C programming and make web apps out of my knowledge.

I've tried reading some tutorials and there is also a ton to learn, but it's mostly the pedagogy of learning something like MVC. Although, I certainly agree with what you're saying about dividing. That does help me nudge further along anytime I attempt these projects.