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That wold require automating reproductibility or requestin and analysing datasets that are not provided.

Sounds like a plan. I think the ERROR project is doing exactly that.

1) they could in theory be provided 2) not necessarily: it's a matter of authority, that when ceases to exist, it ripples

Edit: to an extent it applies to journalism. Nowadays, at best, you have citations that turn out to be fake and seldom who cites them gets updated