Theoretical foundation was slowly built over decades before it started though. And correct me if I'm wrong, but calculations that it was feasible were present before the start too. They had to calculate how to do it, what will be the processes, how to construct it and so on, but theoretically scientists knew that this amount of material can start such process.
On the other hand not only there is no clear path to AI today (also known as AGI, ASI, SI etc.), but even foundations are largely missing. We are debating what is intelligence, how it works, how to even start simulating it, or construct from scratch.