There is a standard for this called P3P, which was implemented by Netscape, Firefox, Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge before eventually dropping support for it. But there was nothing requiring website owners to use it. Various data protection regulations across the world require them to obtain consent for collecting data, but they are not required to recognise consent or non-consent expressed via P3P settings.
These standards will only get used if the website owners are forced to use them, either by regulators or by monopolistic/oligopolistic market forces.
https://oag.ca.gov/privacy/ccpa#collapse8b
> Under law, it must be honored by covered businesses as a valid consumer request to stop the sale or sharing of personal information.