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Do you count Python, where the ref impl (CPython) uses reference counting, as a GC language? If yes, you have a better idea when GC will occur compared to non-deterministic GC like Java/JVM and C#/CLR.

.NET has a few runtime knobs to control GC behavior at runtime:

GC.TryStartNoGCRegion - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.gc.tryst...

GCSettings.LatencyMode - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/standard/garbage-co...

The latter is what Osu! uses when you load and start playing a map, to sustain 1000hz game loop. Well, it also avoids allocations within it like fire but it's going to apply to any non-soft realtime system.

These are not mutually exclusive. In some GC-based languages these techniques are immediately available and some other languages take more abstracted away approach, relying more on the underlying runtime.

All of those options are available in Swift, D, C#, F#, Linear Haskell, OCaml with effects.

Only pointing out the ones relevant in 2024, and not the whole CS history.