You can have private and public dependencies. Private dependencies are the ones that don't show up on your interface at all. That is you don't return it, you don't throw it or catch it (other than passing through), you don't take callbacks that have it in their signature, etc... You can use private dependencies for the implementation.

It should be safe to use multiple versions of the same library, as long as they are used as private dependencies of unrelated dependencies. It would require some tooling support to do it safely:

1. Being able to declare dependencies are "private" or "public".

2. Tooling to check that you don't use private dependencies in your interfaces. This requires type annotations to gain some confidence, but even then, exceptions are a problem that is hard to check for (in Python that is).

In compiled languages there are additional compilications, like exported symbols. It is solveable in some controlled circumstances, but it's best to just not have this problem.