* Had Machiavelli, in writing (1532):
> You must know there are two ways of contesting, the one by the law, the other by force; the first method is proper to men, the second to beasts; but because the first is frequently not sufficient, it is necessary to have recourse to the second. Therefore it is necessary for a prince to understand how to avail himself of the beast and the man. This has been figuratively taught to princes by ancient writers, who describe how Achilles and many other princes of old were given to the Centaur Chiron to nurse, who brought them up in his discipline; which means solely that, as they had for a teacher one who was half beast and half man...
been referring to Cicero, De Officiis (44 BC)?
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%...
> ...there are two ways of settling a dispute: first, by discussion; second, by physical force; and since the former is characteristic of man, the latter of the brute, we must resort to force only in case we may not avail ourselves of discussion.
(I'm surprised I've not read this work until now. With a little skimming, it confirms my reverse-engineering of the cardinal virtues as arising as oppositions [albeit not strictly pairwise]:
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%...
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%...
and has interesting things to say about Castalia:
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%...
about immigration:
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%...
Gemeinschaft vs Gesellschaft:
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%...
and even Pareto Optimality:
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%... )
EDIT: no, lifted, negated, and expanded to chapter length!
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%...