> Lisp can evaluate the s-expressions directly.
Not generally: in compiler-only implementations this is not provided.
Not generally: in compiler-only implementations this is not provided.
AFAIK, Elisp is an interpreted language by design and always has the ability to evaluate s-expressions directly at runtime, there's no compiler-only implementation of Elisp. There's native compilation introduced in Emacs 28, but it just adds a layer of optimization, the interpreter still exists and can evaluate s-expressions directly, it doesn't turn Elisp into a "compiler-only" implementation.
But yes, there are other Lisps that compile code to machine lang, without an interpreter.
Good catch and a fine note, thank you!