It’s more like a “not knowing how fast something should be” in the case of under-provisioning, and “not knowing or caring to look at metrics” for over-provisioning.

I once was examining some queries being generated via Prisma, and found it was using LIMIT/OFFSET for pagination. I pointed this out to the devs, who replied that the query times were acceptable for their SLOs. I guess if you don’t know that a simple SELECT can and should often be in the sub-msec range, you might not be concerned that it’s taking 100 msec.

The other is just the normalization of cloud expenditure. Every large org has some kind of pricing agreement with their provider, and so are rarely incentivized to cut costs, since they have a minimum spend.