The mathematical concept was in use for years before anybody decided to call it a "monad" anyway. According to Wikipedia: "The notion of monad was invented by Roger Godement in 1958 under the name 'standard construction'. Monad has been called 'dual standard construction', 'triple', 'monoid' and 'triad'. The term 'monad' is used at latest 1967, by Jean Bénabou."[1]
[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monadology#Summary
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monad_(category_theory)#Termin...