It’s definitely more vulnerable than macOS since macOS has more encompassing system protection (SIP), kernel extensions have been moved to user space (DriverKit and FSKit), and pervasive sandboxing.
They didn't even have an ASLR implementation for way too long IIRC.
Does macOS have any form of MAC yet, or do they just rely on sandboxing?
Kind of. There is a set of permissions an application can request in order to access protected services and areas of the filesystem, but maybe that's what you meant with sandboxing?
https://support.apple.com/en-gb/guide/mac-help/mchl211c911f/...
That tells us some things about MacOS security, but nothing about Windows.