What's exactly stops adversary from taking over Voyager as I'm pretty sure they didn't had E2EE at the time of its craft
That and having to guess what commands to send to the probe
Here's a nice video on what NASA uses to communicate with it: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=586Zn1ct-QA Not something you'll put in your backyard :')
NASA could have gotten away with sending a password in plaintext (can anyone intercept a focused radio signal?), or DES, but it's possible they didn't use anything.
Where it is now, you'd need some serious equipment to transmit to Voyager, and network security is all about cost-benefit analysis; it's not worth the while for any adversary.