I’ve got two questions:

1. What does it look like for a page to be indexed when googlebot is not allowed to crawl it? What is shown in search results (since googlebot has not seen its content)?

2. The linked page says to avoid Disallow in robots.txt and to rely on the noindex tag. But how can I prevent googlebot from crawling all user profiles to avoid database hits, bandwidth, etc. without an entry in robots.txt? With noindex, googlebot must visit each user profile page to see that it is not supposed to be indexed.