I did a CSS experiment back in 2008 (before CSS allowed for backdrop-blur) that did the same'ish effect: https://webdev.andersriggelsen.dk/aero/
It works by using a fixed-position pre-blurred (with glass effects) background image: https://webdev.andersriggelsen.dk/aero/bgl.jpg
This is a lot more performant than a live gaussian blur but it of course has all the drawbacks of not allowing for a dynamic background image.