That's probably going to involve a full decompile and replacing the renderer, because DOS games are basically limited to using one of the video modes which render into 64k of video RAM.
However, DirectX games were much easier... I remember patching F-22 Total Air War (a DiD Flight Sim) to support higher resolutions back in 2001 or something, and it was just 3 bytes or so that needed changing, and worked surprisingly well...
(Seem to remember a bit of a community doing it in various games on the simhq.com forums back then.)