And even before that, burned > 500 square miles of Japanese urban areas to ash.

Granted, by the last weeks of the war, the USAAF was dropping leaflets warning they'd be back with incendiaries in a few days, a masterstroke in psychological warfare.

Hot take, but Japanese civilians (all civilians, not just men) were to fight American soldiers if they invaded Japan. We'll never know what would have happened if America invaded, but Japan certainly was not making civilian evacuation plans. So maybe innocent-ish civilians?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kokumin_Giyutai.jpg