What even is the theory behind such an idea? Like how can one, even in theory, make more and more money every year and remain positive for society? What even could assure such a relation? Is everyone just doing something "wrong" here?
By providing more and more goods and services that people value, or by providing more and more valuable goods and services
> What even could assure such a relation?
A government that tries to proactively identify ways that someone could make money in a way that could be harmful or helpful to people who aren't involved in the transaction, and tax those things based on to the degree that they are harmful, and subsidize them to the degree that they are helpful. The government should also take actions to prevent monopolies from forming, and to make sure everyone has as much information as possible before making a transaction.
<<I think that makes sense with my edit>>
> how can one, even in theory, make more and more money every year and remain positive for society?
Why is making "more and more money every year" the assumed goal and "remain[ing] positive for society" the thing we have to barter over? Why do we accept, as a culture, the idea of profit is more important that people? That's sad to me.
> Is everyone just doing something "wrong" here?
Maybe? Maybe we've created a culture that is fundamentally opposed to our overall well being? I think we have, at least in some respects.
To use your analogy, it's not so much that I am sad it rains sometimes. I'm sad that, knowing it rains, we are happy with companies that sell unsuspecting people homes in floodplains knowing there is a real chance that the inhabitants die in floods. Then when it happens the response is just, "well, that's just how it is, it rains sometimes."