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I don't know. Maps can vary in quality and expressiveness.

Language itself is a kind of map, and it has pretty universal reach.

"No Free Lunch (NFL) theorem" isn't quite mathematics, it is more in the domain of philosophy.

The NFL theorem (for optimization) has a mathematical proof, FYI. But I agree that there's a lot of room for interpretation.

i struggle to understand the connection between optimization/mathematical programming and the knowledge representation problem in classical AI.

I thought that the reference was to the general 'no free lunch' assumption: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_free_lunch_theorem