What components? Wayland is literally an XML protocol that turns an XML file into a method of communication. libwayland-server and libwayland-client only handle communication and the internal event loop. Its completely up to the developer to write the implementations of these functions and register them in the server.
Then a client is going to query the server and ask request to do stuff via a unix socket. In fact, you don't even need libwayland, you can raw dog it over sockets manually. The idea is that there are standard protocols that can be queried and used,and you can implement this in any environment you want to. You could write the "frontend" in html and JS and run a wayland compositor on the web (which has been done [1]), you could do it with text or anything really, most people use some graphics stack.