Once an investment has been made it's hard to justify making another large investment, or if one is being made it becomes very political and captured by vested interests.
This is not necessary. These countries are also very rich and can afford to upgrade infrastructure. I am in The Netherlands and have 4Gbit fiber. At the end of 2024 there were 8 million fiber connections, whereas there are 8.4 million households. Heck, even my parents who live in a small remote village can get multi-gig fiber (though they are happy with their 100MBit).
They just need a permission from our landlord, who said no way and blocked the fiber installation. We are stuck with Vodafone only...
I guess it is a better investment for them to smoke us out, renovate this place and rent it with three times more...
We left Germany in 2018. We have unlimited 4Gbit synchronous fiber and unlimited 5G.
I use Vodafone Cable 250/50 MBit/s for around 25€ (discount for new customers). Not very stable but good enough. 1000/50 MBit/s is available but costs 50€.
If you live together with someone you can always switch the contract taker and thus always get the "new" customer benefits to save some money.
Also in Germany
I recommend to check the law here :)
https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/DE/Vportal/TK/InternetTelef...