I guess it's faster with sudo because the regular account has some resource limits, or something? Didn't mention which system is being used (Linux? macOS? Something else?) but I can't repro on my Linux system, where performance is identical:
% cargo run --release
[..]
Parsing speed: 103761177.00 Bytes/s
Parsing speed: 103.76 MB/s
Parsing speed: 0.10 GB/s
% doas cargo run --release
[..]
Parsing speed: 105401032.21 Bytes/s
Parsing speed: 105.40 MB/s
Parsing speed: 0.11 GB/