glad to see the same basic tradecraft from 90s hacking, only very refined and industrialized. it's a durable skill. the focus on switches and routers is very pro, as they are the most opaque infra with the fewest forensic capabilities. iot is less reliable as RE'ing cheap devices and firmware for IoCs is accessible, where almost nobody outside the IC did core gear (word to phenolit from back in the day tho).

the traffic redirection is interesting in that i would be curious if they rate limited it or used on device selectors in their implant to redirect traffic. the trade off between memory caching packets to sort on selectors vs.stealthy throughput would have been a fun design meeting.

hunting these kinds of actors would be supremely fun. the main thing that protects them is few outside massive bureaucracies really care enough or find it economical, as the rewards are more in finding new zero day and not hunting state level threat actors. the exceptions who do (p0, citizenlab etc) are attached to massive orgs and dont really led themselves to privateering. amazing write up anyway.