> c. Are the sensor responses linear?
No. Not even professional geophysical survey spectrometer sensors + interpretation software have a linear response to increased sources.
Two main reasons:
* The electronics to count scintillations (energy bursts at some X keV or MeV energy level) get flooded and overwhelmed; there's a "dead zone" following each detection count, as events increase in number, the percentage of dropped | undetected events increases.
See: Grasty & Minty (1995) page 32 Sec. 4. DATA PROCESSING SubSec. 4.1 Dead−Time Corrections
Gamma−ray spectrometers require a finite time to process each pulse from the detectors. While one pulse is being processed, any other pulse that arrives will be rejected. Consequently, the ‘live’ time of a spectrometer is reduced by the time taken to process all pulses reaching the analyzer. For large volume airborne gamma−ray spectrometers with their associated high count rates, the dead−time can be significant and corrections must be made, particularly when measuring on calibration pads.
~
https://www.ga.gov.au/bigobj/GA7667.pdf* Stacking signatures from sources creates complex full spectrums; teasing full spectrums apart to extract component source decay signatures is messy and involves a degree of probablistic guesswork .. not very linear in a real world enviirnoment.
eg: The Cobalt 60 Gamma Spectrum has multiple peaks
The 1332 keV Co-60 peak bleeds into the "fat" K40 Potassium 1461 keV peak, throw in varying amounts of naturaly abundant Uranium and Thorium
https://www.gammaspectacular.com/blue/gamma-spectra/Co-60-ga...
https://www.gammaspectacular.com/blue/gamma-spectra/k-40-gam...
https://www.gammaspectacular.com/blue/gamma-spectra/norm-spe...
and it becomes clear that correctly identifying which elements are responsible for an observed full spectrum is a challenge with often multiple solutions.
The great challenge is correctly "guessing" the original proportions of commonly abundant radiation sources that share common daughter decay products. These are the sources that are listed as having a greater degree of error.