The whole point of this post is that the things AI isn't good at and has never been good at will be the limit to otherwise-exponential growth.
As to whether AI can go beyond doing what it's told and make new discoveries, we've sort of seen that a bit with for example the AlphaGo type programs coming up with modes of play humans hadn't thought of. I guess I don't buy the hypothesis that if you had an AI smarter than Einstein it wouldn't be able to make Einstein like discoveries due to not being a rebel.