I don't think error handling is a solved problem in language design

> For example, over time we've wound up agreeing on various common control structures like for and while loops, if statements, and multi-option switch/case/etc statements. The syntax may vary (sometimes very much, as for example in Lisp), but the approach is more or less the same because we've come up with good approaches.

I am not sure about that. As an example, look at for loops.

Swift dropped C-style for loops only 10 years ago (10 years isn’t long in language design time) (https://github.com/swiftlang/swift-evolution/blob/main/propo...), and there still is the difference between pascal for loops, where the number of iterations can be computed when the loop is first entered and the more flexible C-style ones that are while loops in disguise.

As a fourth option, there are the functional ones that replace

  for i in items…

by

  items.foreach…

(I do not think that falls under “The syntax may vary”)

Here’s some food for thought from Anders Hejlsberg https://www.artima.com/articles/the-trouble-with-checked-exc...

Error results and checked exceptions are more similar than either is to unchecked exceptions.