What POSIX systems in actual use (not historical Unixes) don't have the long options? macOS' BSD utilities I guess?
All of them except for GNU, AFAICT? (That is, only GNU seems to have long options.) Checking manpages for rm(1) as a simple reference, I can't see long options in any of the 3 major BSDs or illumos, and checking Alpine Linux seems to show busybox also only doing short options (sorry, can't find an online doc for this, though it's easy to check in docker if you don't have a machine running Alpine handy). OpenWRT also uses busybox and has the same (lack of) options.
https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rm&apropos=0&sekti...