This is a fairly viable ecosystem on unix systems for C and C++ at least. You use whatever text editor you prefer, your chosen compiler and build system, gdb for debugging, and more recently clang for intellisense (though I do not know of a good standalone refactoring tool). For most text editors there are plugins to integrate the things that should be available in your text editor like debugging and autocompletion.
For your specific complaint of autocompletion, clang complete (https://github.com/Rip-Rip/clang_complete/) is excellent, but can be slow on large projects. Some other useful plugins are syntastic (https://github.com/scrooloose/syntastic/) for syntax checking of many file formats, tagbar (http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=3465) for convenient code navigation, and UltiSnips (http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=2715) for the best snippet plugin out there. The only thing I find I'm really lacking is good debugger integration (Pyclewn is ok, but not great: http://pyclewn.sourceforge.net/) and good refactoring tools. I've heard good things about eclim, but never tried it.